From left to right -- Aristotle, Hume, Reid, Schleiermacher, Kant, Nietzsche, Wittgenstein
PHILOSOPHY
Academic Appointments
Henry Luce III Professor of Philosophy and the Arts, Princeton Theological Seminary 2006-18
Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Aberdeen 1995-2005,
Reader in Moral Philosophy, University of St Andrews 1986-95
Lecturer in Moral Philosophy, University of St Andrews 1975-86
Henry Luce III Professor of Philosophy and the Arts, Princeton Theological Seminary 2006-18
Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Aberdeen 1995-2005,
Reader in Moral Philosophy, University of St Andrews 1986-95
Lecturer in Moral Philosophy, University of St Andrews 1975-86
Education
PhD in Political Philosophy, University of Durham, 1975
MA in Politics by examination and dissertation, University of Durham, 1973
MA (Hons) in Logic and Metaphysics and Moral Philosophy, University of St Andrews, 1972
PhD in Political Philosophy, University of Durham, 1975
MA in Politics by examination and dissertation, University of Durham, 1973
MA (Hons) in Logic and Metaphysics and Moral Philosophy, University of St Andrews, 1972
Selected Publications
Monographs
The Hope of the Poor: philosophy, religion and economic development (Imprint Academic, 2023)
Scottish Philosophy After the Enlightenment (Edinburgh University Press, 2022)
Philosophy, Art and Religion: understanding faith and creativity (Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Wittgenstein and Natural Religion (Oxford University Press, 2014)
The Re-enchantment of the World: art versus religion (Oxford University Press, 2007, pb 2010)
Universities: the recovery of an idea 2nd revised edition (Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2008).
also available with further essays on the philosophy of higher education in
The Institution of Intellectual Values: realism and idealism in higher education
St Andrews Studies in Philosophy and Public Affairs Volume 5 (Imprint Academic, 2005)
The Case Against the Democratic State (Imprint Academic, 2002 (Societas 3))
Genes: a philosophical inquiry, (Routledge 2002. Translations: Portuguese (2005))
The Internet: a philosophical inquiry; (Routledge 1999, reprinted 2000, 2001, 2002)
Translations: Dutch (2001); Spanish (2001); Greek (2002); Korean (2003)
The Shape of the Past: a philosophical approach to history, (Oxford University Press, 1997)
Politics in its Place: a study of six ideologies, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986
Historical Explanation Reconsidered, Scots Philosophical Monographs No.4 Aberdeen: University Press, 1983
College Texts
Theories of Ethics New York: Routledge 2010.
(A major revision (with classic readings added) of Eight Theories of Ethics first published by Routledge in 2004)
Ethics and International Relations 2nd revised edition, Malden MA and Oxford: Blackwell 2008
1st edition 1997, reprinted 1998
Philosophy of the Arts 3rd revised edition, London and New York: Routledge, 2004
1st edition 1997, 2nd edition 2001 Translations: Portuguese (2001); Hungarian (2000); Serbian (2000) Russian (2001); Persian (2002);
Living the Good Life: an introduction to moral philosophy, New York: Paragon Press 1990, reprinted 1991, 1994
Contemporary Social Philosophy, Oxford: Blackwell 1988, reprinted 1990, 1991, 1994
Translations: Italian (1991); Chinese (1995)
Edited Books
Scottish Philosophy in the 19th and 20th Centuries, (Oxford University Press, 2015)
Politics, Religion and Sphere Sovereignty, Kuyper Center Review Volume 1 Grand Rapids: Wm B Eerdmans, 2010
Calvinism and Culture, Kuyper Center Review Volume 3, Grand Rapids: Wm B Eerdmans, 2013
Articles in Journals
'Religion, Evolution and Scottish Philosophy', Journal of Scottish Philosophy 19.1 (2021)
'David Hume and Religion', Humanities, 52 (2020)
'Art, Therapy and Design', The Monist, Volume 101, Issue 1, January 2018
'To Swipe or not to Swipe; Love, Technology and Tinder', The Critique, February 2017
'Nature, Kant and God', Faith and Philosophy (2016)
'Hume and Smith on Natural Religion', Philosophy (2015)
'Francis Hutcheson and Adam Ferguson on Sociability', History of Philosophy Quarterly, (2014)
'Aesthetics and Sacred Music', Faith and Philosophy, (2014)
'Aesthetics as a Normative Science', Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 75, (2014)
'Adam Ferguson as a Moral Philosopher', Philosophy 88 (4), (2013) pp 1-15
‘The Theological and the Political: a philosophical critique', Scottish Journal of Theology 66(4) (2013) pp 466-76
‘Can there be public architecture?’ Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 66 (2006)
'Pluralism: Self-Image or Social Reality' Bijdragen: international journal in philosophy and theology, 64 (2003)
'Political theory and Political Practice', Journal of Applied Philosophy 16 (1999)
'Lukacs and Realism after Marx', British Journal of Aesthetics 38 (1998)
'The Marxist Theory of Art' British Journal of Aesthetics 37 (1997)
'Secularized Religion and Spiritualized Morality', Ratio (NS) 9 (1996)
'Aesthetic Cognitivism and the Literary Arts', Journal of Aesthetic Education 30 (1996)
'Liberal vs Radical Feminism Reconsidered', Journal of Applied Philosophy 11 (1994)
'Toleration in Politics', Synthesis Philosophica 9 (1994)
'The Rights of Ethnic Groups', Social Philosophy Today 8 (1993)
'Politics and Religion', Journal of Social Philosophy 24, (1993)
'Liberalism : metaphysical, political, historical', Philosophical Papers 22 ( 1993)
'The Moral Basis of Democracy', International Journal of Social and Moral Studies 7 (1992)
'Populism, Self-determination and Democracy', Contemporary Philosophy 13, (1992)
(with E Graham)'The 'Crisis' of Population Growth' International Journal of Social and Moral Studies 8 (1992)
'Liberalism and Democracy', Journal of Applied Philosophy 9 (1992)
'Religion, Secularization and Modernity', Philosophy 67 (1992)
'Drugs, Freedom and Harm', Cogito 6 (1992)
'Politics and Culture: The Arts in a Free Society', History of European Ideas 13 (1991)
'Two Types of Feminism', American Philosophical Quarterly 25 (1988)
'The Justice of Intervention', Review of International Studies 13 (1987)
'The Doctor, the Rich and the Indigent', Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (1987)
'Progress', Philosophy 61 (1986)
'Justice, Charity and the Third World', Modern Theology 4 (1986)
'Terrorists and Freedom Fighters', Philosophy and Social Action 11 (1985)
'Mystery and Mumbo-jumbo', Philosophical Investigations 7 (1984)
'What is special about democracy?', Mind 91 (1983)
'Art as a Vehicle for Religious Truth', British Journal of Aesthetics 23 (1983)
'Religion and Politics', Philosophy 58 (1983)
'Can there be history of philosophy?', History and Theory 21 (1982)
'Art and Politics', British Journal of Aesthetics 18 (1978)
'Practical Politics and Philosophical Inquiry', The Philosophical Quarterly 28 (1978)
Essays in Edited Collections
'Was Wittgenstein a Fideist?' in Wittgenstein and the Epistemology of Religion edd. Duncan Prichard and Nuno Carlos Venturinha (Oxford University Press, forthcoming)
'Bain and Mind' in The Early Years of Mind: Making Contemporary Philosophy and Psychology ed. L.M. Verburgt (Oxford University Press, forthcoming)
'Art Proper, Perfectionism and the Sacred Arts' in Perfect and Imperfection: Aesthetic and Ethical Studies ed Peter Cheyne (Routledge 2023)
'Scotland and Princeton', in Schools of Faith: Essays on Theology, Ethics and Education, edd. David Fergusson and Bruce McCormack, (T & T Clark 2019)
'The Gifford Lectures' in The History of Scottish Theology Vol III edd. David Fergusson and Mark W Elliot (Oxford University Press, 2019)
'Philosophy, Knowledge and Understanding' in Making Sense of the World ed. Stephen R Grimm (Oxford University Press, 2018)
'Purgatory, Atonement and the Self' in Purgatory: Philosophical Dimensions edd. Kristof K.P. Vanhoutte and Benjamin W. McCraw
(Palgrave, 2017)
'Adam Smith and Religion' in Adam Smith: his life, work and legacy ed Ryan Hanley, (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2016)
'Human Nature and Social Transition' in The Philosophy of Emerging Technologies: understanding, appreciation and application eds James E Katz and Juliet Floyd, (New York, Oxford University Press, 2015)
'Adam Smith as a Scottish Philosopher' in Propriety and Prosperity: New Studies on the Philosophy of Adam Smith eds. David F Hardwick and Leslie Marsh, (London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2104)
'The University: three models', in Reflecting on Academia: Roles and Responsibilities of University Faculty and Management, ed Roger Sugden, James R Wilson and Marcela Valania, (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013)
‘Public Opinion and the Public Sphere’ in Public Interests, Public Spheres: Knowledge, Governance, and Civil Society ed. Christian J. Emden & David
Midgley, (New York, Berghahn Books, (2012)
‘Scruton on Architecture’ in Scruton’s Aesthetics ed A Hamilton and N Zangwill (London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)
‘Political Philosophy and the Dead Hand of its History’ in Political Philosophy versus History? Contextualism and Real Politics in Contemporary Political Thought ed. Jonathan Floyd and Marc Stears (Cambridge University Press, 2011)
‘The Sacred Beauty of Nature’ in Turning Images in Philosophy, Science and Religion A New Book Of Nature ed Charles Taliferro and Jil Evans, (Oxford University Press, 2011)
‘Kuyper and Contemporary Political Philosophy’, Kuyper Center Review 1 (Grand Rapids, Wm B Eerdmans, 2010)
‘Theology and Religion’ in Philosophers and God ed. Michael McGhee (London and New York, Continuum, 2009)
‘Human Nature and the Human Condition’ in Future perfect? God, Medicine and Human Identity ed Celia Deane-Drummond and Peter Scott, (London and New York, T&T Clark, 2006)
'Fakes and Readymades', in Contemporary Debates in Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Arts ed. M. Kieran (Oxford and Malden MA, Blackwell, 2005)
'MacIntyre on the Writing and Use of the History of Philosophy' Contemporary Philosophy in Focus ed. Mark C Murphy (Cambridge University Press, 2003)
'Spiritual Values and the Knowledge Economy' in Breaking New Ground (Edinburgh, Mainstream, 2001)
'Politics, Religion and National Identity' in Philosophy and Public Affairs ed. J. Haldane, (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
'Sex and Violence in Fact and Fiction' in Media Ethics ed. M Kieron (Routledge, 1998)
'The Moral Import of Fiction' in Interfaces ed. J. Friggieri ( Malta UP, 1997)
'Toleration and the Idea of Progress' in Philosophy, Religion and the Question of Intolerance M. Razavi and D Ambuel (eds), (SUNY Press, 1997)
'Toleration, Relativism, Pluralism' in Toleration: an elusive virtue ed. David Heyd (Princeton UP, 1996)
'MacIntyre's Fusion of History and Philosophy' in After MacIntyre ed. John Horton and Susan Mendus (Oxford, Polity Press, 1994)
'Suicide and Voluntary Euthanasia' in Divergent Perspectives on Suicidal Behaviour ed. Michael J Kelleher (University of Cork Press, 1994)
'Criminalization and Control' in Policing and Prescribing: the British System of Drug Control ed. P T Bean and D K Whynes (London: Macmillan, 1991)
'Beyond Ideology: is purely pragmatic politics possible? in The Structure of Modern Ideology ed. N O'Sullivan (Hampshire: Edward Elgar,1989)
'Commitment and the Value of Marriage' in Person to Person edd. George Graham and Hugh Lafollette (Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1989)
'Ideology and the Sociological Understanding' in The Form of Ideology ed. D J Manning (London, Allen and Unwin, 1980)
Articles in Encyclopedias and Handbooks
'The Concept of Literature', Routledge Companion to Art and Literature ed. Neil Murphy W. Michelle Wang and Cheryl Julia Lee (Routledge, forthcoming)
'Religion', Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Painting and Sculpture edd. Noel Carrol and Jonathan Gilmore (2023)
'Enchantment' (with Scott Burnham) Oxford Handbook of Western Music and Philosophy edd. McAuley, Nielsen and Levinson (2021)
'Art and Religion' Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, 3rd edition (2013)
'William Hamilton and Scottish Common Sense', Oxford Handbook of Nineteenth Century British Philosophy ed William Mander (2013)
'Nature' in Oxford Handbook of Theology and Modern Thought ed George Pattison (2013)
‘Philosophy’, Oxford Handbook of Systematic Theology (2007)
‘The Value of Art’, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd edition. (2005)
'Architecture', Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics (2003)
'Croce, Collingwood and Expression', Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, (2000, revised 2013)
'Philosophy of History', Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (London, 1998)
The Hope of the Poor: philosophy, religion and economic development (Imprint Academic, 2023)
Scottish Philosophy After the Enlightenment (Edinburgh University Press, 2022)
Philosophy, Art and Religion: understanding faith and creativity (Cambridge University Press, 2017)
Wittgenstein and Natural Religion (Oxford University Press, 2014)
The Re-enchantment of the World: art versus religion (Oxford University Press, 2007, pb 2010)
Universities: the recovery of an idea 2nd revised edition (Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2008).
also available with further essays on the philosophy of higher education in
The Institution of Intellectual Values: realism and idealism in higher education
St Andrews Studies in Philosophy and Public Affairs Volume 5 (Imprint Academic, 2005)
The Case Against the Democratic State (Imprint Academic, 2002 (Societas 3))
Genes: a philosophical inquiry, (Routledge 2002. Translations: Portuguese (2005))
The Internet: a philosophical inquiry; (Routledge 1999, reprinted 2000, 2001, 2002)
Translations: Dutch (2001); Spanish (2001); Greek (2002); Korean (2003)
The Shape of the Past: a philosophical approach to history, (Oxford University Press, 1997)
Politics in its Place: a study of six ideologies, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986
Historical Explanation Reconsidered, Scots Philosophical Monographs No.4 Aberdeen: University Press, 1983
College Texts
Theories of Ethics New York: Routledge 2010.
(A major revision (with classic readings added) of Eight Theories of Ethics first published by Routledge in 2004)
Ethics and International Relations 2nd revised edition, Malden MA and Oxford: Blackwell 2008
1st edition 1997, reprinted 1998
Philosophy of the Arts 3rd revised edition, London and New York: Routledge, 2004
1st edition 1997, 2nd edition 2001 Translations: Portuguese (2001); Hungarian (2000); Serbian (2000) Russian (2001); Persian (2002);
Living the Good Life: an introduction to moral philosophy, New York: Paragon Press 1990, reprinted 1991, 1994
Contemporary Social Philosophy, Oxford: Blackwell 1988, reprinted 1990, 1991, 1994
Translations: Italian (1991); Chinese (1995)
Edited Books
Scottish Philosophy in the 19th and 20th Centuries, (Oxford University Press, 2015)
Politics, Religion and Sphere Sovereignty, Kuyper Center Review Volume 1 Grand Rapids: Wm B Eerdmans, 2010
Calvinism and Culture, Kuyper Center Review Volume 3, Grand Rapids: Wm B Eerdmans, 2013
Articles in Journals
'Religion, Evolution and Scottish Philosophy', Journal of Scottish Philosophy 19.1 (2021)
'David Hume and Religion', Humanities, 52 (2020)
'Art, Therapy and Design', The Monist, Volume 101, Issue 1, January 2018
'To Swipe or not to Swipe; Love, Technology and Tinder', The Critique, February 2017
'Nature, Kant and God', Faith and Philosophy (2016)
'Hume and Smith on Natural Religion', Philosophy (2015)
'Francis Hutcheson and Adam Ferguson on Sociability', History of Philosophy Quarterly, (2014)
'Aesthetics and Sacred Music', Faith and Philosophy, (2014)
'Aesthetics as a Normative Science', Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 75, (2014)
'Adam Ferguson as a Moral Philosopher', Philosophy 88 (4), (2013) pp 1-15
‘The Theological and the Political: a philosophical critique', Scottish Journal of Theology 66(4) (2013) pp 466-76
‘Can there be public architecture?’ Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 66 (2006)
'Pluralism: Self-Image or Social Reality' Bijdragen: international journal in philosophy and theology, 64 (2003)
'Political theory and Political Practice', Journal of Applied Philosophy 16 (1999)
'Lukacs and Realism after Marx', British Journal of Aesthetics 38 (1998)
'The Marxist Theory of Art' British Journal of Aesthetics 37 (1997)
'Secularized Religion and Spiritualized Morality', Ratio (NS) 9 (1996)
'Aesthetic Cognitivism and the Literary Arts', Journal of Aesthetic Education 30 (1996)
'Liberal vs Radical Feminism Reconsidered', Journal of Applied Philosophy 11 (1994)
'Toleration in Politics', Synthesis Philosophica 9 (1994)
'The Rights of Ethnic Groups', Social Philosophy Today 8 (1993)
'Politics and Religion', Journal of Social Philosophy 24, (1993)
'Liberalism : metaphysical, political, historical', Philosophical Papers 22 ( 1993)
'The Moral Basis of Democracy', International Journal of Social and Moral Studies 7 (1992)
'Populism, Self-determination and Democracy', Contemporary Philosophy 13, (1992)
(with E Graham)'The 'Crisis' of Population Growth' International Journal of Social and Moral Studies 8 (1992)
'Liberalism and Democracy', Journal of Applied Philosophy 9 (1992)
'Religion, Secularization and Modernity', Philosophy 67 (1992)
'Drugs, Freedom and Harm', Cogito 6 (1992)
'Politics and Culture: The Arts in a Free Society', History of European Ideas 13 (1991)
'Two Types of Feminism', American Philosophical Quarterly 25 (1988)
'The Justice of Intervention', Review of International Studies 13 (1987)
'The Doctor, the Rich and the Indigent', Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (1987)
'Progress', Philosophy 61 (1986)
'Justice, Charity and the Third World', Modern Theology 4 (1986)
'Terrorists and Freedom Fighters', Philosophy and Social Action 11 (1985)
'Mystery and Mumbo-jumbo', Philosophical Investigations 7 (1984)
'What is special about democracy?', Mind 91 (1983)
'Art as a Vehicle for Religious Truth', British Journal of Aesthetics 23 (1983)
'Religion and Politics', Philosophy 58 (1983)
'Can there be history of philosophy?', History and Theory 21 (1982)
'Art and Politics', British Journal of Aesthetics 18 (1978)
'Practical Politics and Philosophical Inquiry', The Philosophical Quarterly 28 (1978)
Essays in Edited Collections
'Was Wittgenstein a Fideist?' in Wittgenstein and the Epistemology of Religion edd. Duncan Prichard and Nuno Carlos Venturinha (Oxford University Press, forthcoming)
'Bain and Mind' in The Early Years of Mind: Making Contemporary Philosophy and Psychology ed. L.M. Verburgt (Oxford University Press, forthcoming)
'Art Proper, Perfectionism and the Sacred Arts' in Perfect and Imperfection: Aesthetic and Ethical Studies ed Peter Cheyne (Routledge 2023)
'Scotland and Princeton', in Schools of Faith: Essays on Theology, Ethics and Education, edd. David Fergusson and Bruce McCormack, (T & T Clark 2019)
'The Gifford Lectures' in The History of Scottish Theology Vol III edd. David Fergusson and Mark W Elliot (Oxford University Press, 2019)
'Philosophy, Knowledge and Understanding' in Making Sense of the World ed. Stephen R Grimm (Oxford University Press, 2018)
'Purgatory, Atonement and the Self' in Purgatory: Philosophical Dimensions edd. Kristof K.P. Vanhoutte and Benjamin W. McCraw
(Palgrave, 2017)
'Adam Smith and Religion' in Adam Smith: his life, work and legacy ed Ryan Hanley, (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2016)
'Human Nature and Social Transition' in The Philosophy of Emerging Technologies: understanding, appreciation and application eds James E Katz and Juliet Floyd, (New York, Oxford University Press, 2015)
'Adam Smith as a Scottish Philosopher' in Propriety and Prosperity: New Studies on the Philosophy of Adam Smith eds. David F Hardwick and Leslie Marsh, (London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2104)
'The University: three models', in Reflecting on Academia: Roles and Responsibilities of University Faculty and Management, ed Roger Sugden, James R Wilson and Marcela Valania, (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013)
‘Public Opinion and the Public Sphere’ in Public Interests, Public Spheres: Knowledge, Governance, and Civil Society ed. Christian J. Emden & David
Midgley, (New York, Berghahn Books, (2012)
‘Scruton on Architecture’ in Scruton’s Aesthetics ed A Hamilton and N Zangwill (London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)
‘Political Philosophy and the Dead Hand of its History’ in Political Philosophy versus History? Contextualism and Real Politics in Contemporary Political Thought ed. Jonathan Floyd and Marc Stears (Cambridge University Press, 2011)
‘The Sacred Beauty of Nature’ in Turning Images in Philosophy, Science and Religion A New Book Of Nature ed Charles Taliferro and Jil Evans, (Oxford University Press, 2011)
‘Kuyper and Contemporary Political Philosophy’, Kuyper Center Review 1 (Grand Rapids, Wm B Eerdmans, 2010)
‘Theology and Religion’ in Philosophers and God ed. Michael McGhee (London and New York, Continuum, 2009)
‘Human Nature and the Human Condition’ in Future perfect? God, Medicine and Human Identity ed Celia Deane-Drummond and Peter Scott, (London and New York, T&T Clark, 2006)
'Fakes and Readymades', in Contemporary Debates in Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Arts ed. M. Kieran (Oxford and Malden MA, Blackwell, 2005)
'MacIntyre on the Writing and Use of the History of Philosophy' Contemporary Philosophy in Focus ed. Mark C Murphy (Cambridge University Press, 2003)
'Spiritual Values and the Knowledge Economy' in Breaking New Ground (Edinburgh, Mainstream, 2001)
'Politics, Religion and National Identity' in Philosophy and Public Affairs ed. J. Haldane, (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
'Sex and Violence in Fact and Fiction' in Media Ethics ed. M Kieron (Routledge, 1998)
'The Moral Import of Fiction' in Interfaces ed. J. Friggieri ( Malta UP, 1997)
'Toleration and the Idea of Progress' in Philosophy, Religion and the Question of Intolerance M. Razavi and D Ambuel (eds), (SUNY Press, 1997)
'Toleration, Relativism, Pluralism' in Toleration: an elusive virtue ed. David Heyd (Princeton UP, 1996)
'MacIntyre's Fusion of History and Philosophy' in After MacIntyre ed. John Horton and Susan Mendus (Oxford, Polity Press, 1994)
'Suicide and Voluntary Euthanasia' in Divergent Perspectives on Suicidal Behaviour ed. Michael J Kelleher (University of Cork Press, 1994)
'Criminalization and Control' in Policing and Prescribing: the British System of Drug Control ed. P T Bean and D K Whynes (London: Macmillan, 1991)
'Beyond Ideology: is purely pragmatic politics possible? in The Structure of Modern Ideology ed. N O'Sullivan (Hampshire: Edward Elgar,1989)
'Commitment and the Value of Marriage' in Person to Person edd. George Graham and Hugh Lafollette (Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1989)
'Ideology and the Sociological Understanding' in The Form of Ideology ed. D J Manning (London, Allen and Unwin, 1980)
Articles in Encyclopedias and Handbooks
'The Concept of Literature', Routledge Companion to Art and Literature ed. Neil Murphy W. Michelle Wang and Cheryl Julia Lee (Routledge, forthcoming)
'Religion', Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Painting and Sculpture edd. Noel Carrol and Jonathan Gilmore (2023)
'Enchantment' (with Scott Burnham) Oxford Handbook of Western Music and Philosophy edd. McAuley, Nielsen and Levinson (2021)
'Art and Religion' Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, 3rd edition (2013)
'William Hamilton and Scottish Common Sense', Oxford Handbook of Nineteenth Century British Philosophy ed William Mander (2013)
'Nature' in Oxford Handbook of Theology and Modern Thought ed George Pattison (2013)
‘Philosophy’, Oxford Handbook of Systematic Theology (2007)
‘The Value of Art’, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd edition. (2005)
'Architecture', Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics (2003)
'Croce, Collingwood and Expression', Routledge Companion to Aesthetics, (2000, revised 2013)
'Philosophy of History', Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (London, 1998)